Business, a Practical Introduction Essay

1. Scarcity increases the demand for a product, and increases the price that consumers are willing to pay for it. Scarcity of an item allows a seller to raise prices, while a surplus of an item means prices will decrease. 2. Macroeconomists would be concerned with issues such as job growth and unemployment, growth in industrial production, and the consumer price index. 3. Under a socialist economic system, businesses and industries can be state-owned or privately owned, depending on the country. 4. A downside to capitalism is the issue of income inequality. There is a considerable difference between the highest and lowest incomes, as indicated by the 2010 income information reported in the textbook for this course. Median pay for a chief executive of a company whose stock was listed on Standard and Poor’s index was $9 million. Median pay for private sector workers was $40,500. 5. The model of perfect competition was created by Adam Smith. According to Smith, in perfect competition, the market has many small sellers who sell interchangeable products to many informed buyers, and no seller is large enough to dictate the price of the product. 6. The term consumer sovereignty is the idea that consumers influence the marketplace through the decisions of which products they choose to buy or not to buy. 7. The business cycle runs through a pattern of expansion, peak, contraction, and trough. Expansion, when economic activity speeds up, is triggered by a rise in investment spending, government spending, or exports. 8. Deflation is defined as a general decline in the prices of most goods and services. 9. An economic bubble is a situation in which prices for securities, especially stocks, rise far above their actual value. 10. TARP is the Troubled Assets Relief Program, signed into law in October 2008. This $700 billion program was created to purchase bank assets in order to strengthen the financial sector. This was outgoing President Bush’s last â€Å"screw you† to the people of America. It might have worked to stabilize the banks if the amount was double, and if it offered relief to businesses as well.

Some People Think That Personal Happiness Is Directly Related to Economic Success. Others Argue That Happiness Depends on Completely Other Factors. Discuss Both of the Views and Give Your Own Opinion

Some people believe that happiness is related to economic success because only money can make people’s life more enjoyable. When it comes to economic success, the majority of people believe that money means a luxurious life. To begin with, if someone owns great success on economic, that means he can spend more money on whatever he likes and spend more time on his hobbies. Emotionally, money can buy happiness at least to some extent.That is to say, you can buy things that you like in order to fulfill your needs and vanities and this makes you feel happier. You can also enjoy the best education and social welfare. Thirdly, economic success implies high social class and status, which can make people feel happy and respectable. Opponents, however, hold the view that happiness does not depend on economic success but completely other factors.First of all, numerous studies show that happy individuals are successful across multiple life domains, including marriage, income, work perfor mance and health. The happiness exists not only because economic success makes people happy, but also because positive affect engenders happiness. What’s more, It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to fact the dangers of starvation and exposure, but some of them sill lead a happy life because they keep the happy spirit.Last but not least, money can not buy everything, such as friendship, true love and health. You can buy things corporeal, but you can never spend money to ask for more time. In the final analysis, both sides have sound foundations. However, if asked to make a choice, I will not hesitate to assent to the latter. I firmly believe that happiness is not only related to economic success but also links to other factors which are much more significant.

America and Canada’s Universal Health Care System

America is full of social and economic problems that need to be addressed. The one problem that affects all citizens of the country is access and affordability of health care. The health care problem is unique in that every American will need health care at some point in their life, and this coupled with the fact that health care costs continue to rise further exacerbate the situation. In order to attempt a solution to America’s growing health care problem, it is essential that the country look to another country that has effectively addressed the health care problem.The only solution to America’s health care problem is to implement a universal health care system. Canada has implemented a universal health care policy whereby each citizen is afforded health care at no cost, and Canada’s efforts should serve as an example for America to emulate. Canada’s Health Care System, and Comparison to the United States The Canadian system works because of two importan t factors, which actually relate to one another.The first factor is the lowered cost of health care as compared to the United States, and the second factor is the greater accessibility of health care as compared to the United States. These two factors are inter-related because with lower costs, citizens in Canada are able to procure greater access to care. Essentially these patients have more options. In America an uninsured patient may believe that the only options they have are the cheaper clinics, and when these clinics do not accept them as patients they have no other options.The same cannot be said about Canadian patients, which makes Canada a viable model for the United States to follow. The first investigation should include the costs associated with care in Canada and the United States. Two figures in particular will be investigated. The first is the percentage of GDP that is spent on health care comparing each country respectively. Canada segments 10% of GDP on health care, while the United States relies on 14% of GDP for the procurement of health care. (Armstrong, Armstrong & Fegan, 2005, p.8) A discrepancy of the GDP between the two countries is important because while the Canadian system is close somewhat to the American system in GDP percentage, the fact that all Canadians are covered while a drastically smaller number are covered in America demonstrates how the Canadian system works. Another argument about these facts is that America has a much larger GDP than Canada, yet still cannot keep up with the health care crisis. Another important figure concerning expenditures is the cost per person.Canada spends about $2,049 per person, which is about 55% less than what is spent per person in America. (Armstrong, Armstrong & Fegan, 2005, p. 8) Many opponents of Canada’s system may look at these figures and suggest that Canada is cheaper because they have less people, but the figures take this into account and have calculated the costs per person. This allows the figures to take shape and demonstrate how Canada’s system seems to be more efficient. The next question is how Canada keeps their costs so low as compared to the United States.It has been suggested that Canadian costs for health care are low because of the use of public administration. (Armstrong, Armstrong & Fegan, 2005, p. 8) Essentially Canada relies heavily on universal health care whereby the government pays for the services and monitors the country’s health care field. Some opponents of this system will suggest that government control will only increase costs because governments such as Canada’s cannot operate within the health care field as efficiently as private enterprise. (Krasny, 1992, p. 43) This suggestion by Krasny is incorrect.The public sector in Canada handles all of the administrative tasks associated with a hospital, which lowers costs. (Armstrong, Armstrong & Fegan, 2005, p. 8) Other cost savings measures associated with Cana da’s universal health care system are the decreased overhead expenditures. Hospitals no longer have to include entire teams to conduct insurance calculations and coverage implementations as well as entire teams to keep track of billing and collection efforts. (Armstrong, Armstrong & Fegan, 2005, p. 8) This drastically decreases costs, especially when compared to the American system.The American system implements all of these overhead policies, which only strain the system further. For example, hospitals in America â€Å"must keep more extensive records in order to facilitate billing to the state and federal governments, insurance companies and patients, and in anticipation of malpractice suits. † (Armstrong, Armstrong & Fegan, 2005, p. 8) Canadian doctors who leave Canada and practice in America make about the same amount of money because the overhead was so large in America, despite their lowered pay in Canada due to universal health care.(Armstrong, Armstrong & Fegan , 2005, p. 8) All of these benefits of the Canadian system would be pointless if the care was not adequate. Canadians live longer, are ahead of America in healthiness in the world, have far less infant fatalities, and have much greater percentage of disability free life. (Armstrong, Armstrong & Fegan, 2005, p. 8) All of these health factors tend to point toward greater health care practices as compared to America, as well as greater access to health care facilities.The benefits of the Canadian system are clear, which makes the Canadian system a viable alternative to the American system. America still maintains a payment rate health care system where the patient must pay a certain amount in order to receive health care from a provider. American hospitals will not turn away a patient in need of care if it is of the utmost importance, but the hospitals will turn away a patient that is not being threatened by illness and does not have the ability to pay. (â€Å"Looking to Canada for,â €  2006, p.8) This idea is very peculiar in the grand scheme of assisting patients. On one hand the hospital is supposed to help the sick, but on the other hand a patient will receive little to no help if they do not have the ability to pay. The American government is to blame for a majority of the crisis that has resulted. Currently, many patients waiting on organ donations and transplant die because of the American legislative regulations. It is stated that â€Å"more than 6,000 American patients die each year while waiting for suitable organs, and that those waiting lists are caused by the U.S. Congress, which prohibits payments to organ providers and thereby dries up the supply of transplantable organs. † (â€Å"Looking to Canada for,† 2006, p. 8) The legislature not only makes health care unaffordable, but they also help create longer waits for patients who cannot wait any longer. The entire system in the United States has caused a health care crisis that will not alleviate until something is done. The current American climate when dealing with health care has caused major problems to result in the country.As Callahan states, Public opinion surveys show considerable discontent with American health care, the business community is increasingly distressed in trying to cope with ever- rising costs, and a long-awaited stimulus for serious reform may be at hand: middle-class alarm at a deteriorating situation for those previously well covered by insurance. The fact that a majority of personal bankruptcies in this country are occasioned by individual and family health care debts is a sobering figure.If the 46 million uninsured do not catch the congressional eye, maybe the steady increase of the uninsured and the rise in bankruptcies will. (2006, p. 28) Callahan suggests that the health care crisis in America has spread to nearly every facet of American life. The economy suffers, the savings sector suffers, the credit sector suffers, and the empl oyment sector suffers. The current aspects of the American health care system are alarming and need to be addressed or it is predicted that dire consequences could develop, which will lead to a better understanding and acceptance of universal health care. Callahan predicts:(1) movement at the state level; (2) business dismay at the cost of providing care and the consequent steady reductions of employer-provided coverage and benefits; (3) the persistently growing number of uninsured; (4) the alarming rate of health care costs well exceeding general cost of living increases (projected at 7- 8 percent a year for the foreseeable future); (5) increasing middle-class out of pocket payments even with present insurance coverage, and rising economic insecurities as they face a disintegrating scene; and (6) perhaps a change of attitude toward universal care among physicians, much as once happened with Canadian doctors. (2006, p. 28) According to Callahan’s facts and predictions, the Un ited States is in need of an extensive health care overhaul. Without proper addressing of the current situation, the average American patient will suffer through continually rising health care costs and health care coverage. The change to a universal system will not be easy because many in the medical field do not want universal health care coverage.Callahan has stated that during Canada’s attempt at socialized medicine, American members of the medical community enlisted propaganda and other forms of persuasion in an attempt to cause Canada to reject any form of universal coverage and these attempts failed. (2006, p. 28) The United States medical community understood that socialized medicine would cause a possible lowering of wages and rates as well as an increase in patients, which they did not want. If Canada’s system was implemented and succeeded, then possibly the American public would realize the benefits and would want universal coverage as well. The American med ical elite identified this possibility and have been fighting the change ever since. Accompanying this fight has been the American Medical Association (AMA), which initially established the attempts at making the Canadian system fail.Currently, the AMA has proposed a health care plan that does not even address the idea of universal coverage, and the group is a major political and public force in America with a lot of leverage to influence public policy. (2006, p. 28) The end result is a large organization that is supposedly watching out for patients, but at the same time is eliminating any type of universal health care opportunities. The American system allows groups such as the AMA to control public policy, which does not even recognize what the American public wants in health care. Callahan has stated that well over 60% of Americans would be in favor of universal health care in some form, yet the AMA ignores this need and continues to cater to the medical elite in America. (2006, p.29) If the AMA remains in control over medical public policy then nothing will ever get done to address the increasing need for American medical reform. The proper reformation of the health care system lies in universal health care, and Canada’s system is a prime example of health care effectiveness. A look into the actual facts surrounding America’s current health care position is beneficial into discovering the current state of the country. The facts about America’s system are shocking when put into perspective with other countries in the world. The World Health Organization puts America at number 37 overall in health care performance, which is in between the two countries Costa Rica and Slovenia. (Lesnik, 2004, p.1) Out of all the industrialized countries, America is lagging way behind many of the top countries in the world, and it appears that this ranking will continue to plummet if nothing is done to alleviate the health care crisis. The ranking of Ameri ca is a strange outcome for the country because America spends more than any country in health care services. According to Lesnik, In 2004, U. S. health spending rose to a whopping 15 percent of the gross domestic product, a higher percentage than any other nation, including those that provide universal coverage to all residents and those with much more modest Gross Domestic Products. (2004, p. 1) Lesnik’s figures present a dire circumstance for America. The American medical field has more expenditures than countries that already provide universal coverage, which includes Canada.If the expenditures are so high, it would make sense that America should have the best medical coverage of any nation in the world, but this is not the case. The idea as to why the United States ranked so low can be summed up with one idea and that is access to care. The numbers involved in a lack of access show further harms the stretch to the livelihood of Americans as well as the economic well bein g of the country. Illness affects every person and does not discriminate according to wealth or ability, which causes many citizens in the economic sectors of the country to lower their productivity because they do not have adequate access to care. (Lesnik, 2004, p. 1) This can cause a drop in growth in America, which will further exacerbate the situation.Fundamentally, if the economy falters then the ability of sick workers to pay for care diminishes, which increases the problem of access. Lesnik identifies the fact that tens of millions of Americans lack a doctor to call on if they are in pain or a medical facility that will accept them when they are sick. (2004, p. 1) Lesnik states, According to the U. S. Census Bureau, a staggering 45 million Americans–or 15. 6 percent of the population–permanently live without any form of health insurance. This creates serious barriers to care, which lead to unnecessary illness and death. It is increasingly clear that, for individ uals and their families, the financial burden of medical expenses is unmanageable without insurance. (2004, p. 1)It appears that the major problem affecting the US health care crisis is access to care. Access to care encompasses the ability to pay as well as suitable facilities in which to receive care. These are the main culprits in America’s health care shortcomings, and if not addressed will only become worse. One of the possible reasons that America has shied away from universal health care is the enactment of legislation in the 1960s. In 1965, the American legislature enacted the Medicare program, and many experts noted that this piece of legislation may open the door for universal health care. (Callahan, 2006, p. 29) Obviously this never happened, and America has maintained the status quo since.Another side effect of the Medicare program is that it had extreme costs to the government, which Callahan believes has caused many within government to shun any sort of grand ex penditure such as universal health care. (2006, p. 29) The battle between whether small implementation or extreme implementation of a socialized health care system is needed has been at the forefront of the health care debate. Many experts believe small increments in the government’s socialization will be beneficial, but Callahan suggests that according to Canada’s model only a grand implementation will solve the health care problem and small increments will do little to alleviate the crisis that is occurring right now. (2006, p. 29) According to Callahan, America needs a major overhaul and needs to look north to Canada for the ideal health care system.It appears that without this major change, America’s health care crisis will continue to grow to astronomical proportions. The American health care system is in a crisis and needs a change. Canada’s system appears to be better for the patient. A study into Canada’s system is essential in understandin g how the policies would affect the United States. Conclusion The success of the Canadian universal health care system demonstrates how America should switch to a universal-style system as soon as possible. The deteriorating state of the health care system in America illustrates how the American free-enterprise system does not work and does not provide adequate care, access, and lower costs.References Armstrong, P. , Armstrong, H. , & Fegan, C. (1998, June). The Best Solution: Questions and Answers on the Canadian Health Care System. Washington Monthly, 30, 8+. Callahan, D. (2006). Universal Health Care: From the States to the Nation?. The Hastings Center Report, 36(5), 28+. Krasny, J. (1992, February 17). The Wrong Health-Care Model. Is Canada's Health-Care System Really Cheaper?. National Review, 44, 43+. Lesnik, J. (2004). Community Health Centers: Health Care as It Could Be. Journal of Law and Health, 19(1), 1+. Looking to Canada for Health Care Reform. (2006, July). USA Today ( Society for the Advancement of Education), 135, 8.

Pros and Cons of the Death Penalty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pros and Cons of the Death Penalty - Essay Example Many researchers, human rights activist and the Catholic Church argue that death penalty is against human rights, morality and ethical considerations. There are also a large number of people who oppose death penalty because of the cruel inhuman way it is administered. In this respect, James Coleman observes that the application of the death penalty today in the American judicial system is quite arbitrary and inconsistent (The Death Penalty: Arbitrariness and the Death Penalty). Similarly, Coleman, citing the famous Lockett v. Ohio in 1978, goes on to argue that the ultimate decision of the jury to impose the death penalty is usually followed by the defendant’s opportunity to plead for mercy. It is also a fact that there are many deserving defendants who are eligible for the death penalty but escape the capital punishment and vice versa which pose a number of questions on the amount of fairness in administering death penalty. Even when the advocates of death penalty hold that i t should be imposed ‘fairly and with reasonable consistency’ despite the legal formulas and procedural rules â€Å"the death penalty remains fraught with arbitrariness, discrimination...and mistake† (The Death Penalty: Pro and Con).

Traditional Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Traditional Media - Essay Example For example, articles written by well known columnists have been posted. These articles require subscription prior to viewing. The idea has received a very positive response from readers meaning that advertisements placed on those articles can also be viewed through these subscriptions. In the United States, research has shown that close to ten million homes have digital video recorders. This means that these people can be able to send and receive images via the net. Companies using this mode of advertising will also be favoured because most people relate to it. It has been estimate that this number will increase by threefold within the next five years. Such statistics from the US give n indication of what is to follow in other developed countries including the United Kingdom. It was also shown that print advertisements have reduced in terms of the kind of profits they generate. Currently they bring sixty six percent of earnings for Companies engaging in advertisement. The remaining percentage has gone to internet advertising. And judging by the looks of things, these percentages are most likely going to increase with time. Online advertising has caused the decline of use of traditional media because there are some advantages it offers that are exclusive to that form of advertising. (Kilter, 2006) The first is that it is now possible to track sales that come from the use of online advertising. In other words, Complies can be able to monitor the effect of their efforts and quantify them. This is because it is very easy to measure the number of people that visit/click through a certain website containing advertising information and it is also easy to track the lead that followed a click on an online... This essay mentiones that economy of the internet continues to increase robustly thesed days. Many companies both new and well established continue getting profits through internet advertising. The researcher provides an analysis of the topic and sums up that internet advertising still has a big market which has not been tapped. As Hoffman & Novak points out, its effects on industrial economy may be compared to what happened when the world shifted from agricultural to industrialisation in the 17th century. Since customers today want more information about a company and their services before buying its products or services then this mode of advertising is quite ideal. However, there are a number of reasons why traditional media was and still is being used by Companies. If it is impossible to get consent from the respective Companies, then another form of research shall be carried out. This does not undermine the importance of web advertising. All these reasons were examined in the sub sequent sections of the essay. The researcher concluds that Internet advertising for businesses has advanced into different sectors over recent years. It is also concluded that one of the most popular feature for this form of advertising today, is that it can offer a simple yet effective way of measuring returns on investments. It is considered that the internet has taken advertising to higher heights in today's business market and this was proved through the many research findings, that were conducted and presented in this essay.

Homebase Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Homebase - Coursework Example The drivers include financials, customer service, internal business, learning, and development. The analysis aims to make the coming results for 2015 better according to the vision as well as the strategies of Homebase Retail Company. The report also presents the strategy map for the company to show the connection between the four drivers (perspectives) of the scores and the company’s strategy (Kaplan & Norton 2004, p. 7). It maps all the objectives to the major performance indicators to produce a complete outcome. The board of directors also gets the recommended actions from the scorecard and the strategy maps ensure that Homebase Retail Company operates according to the analysis. Additionally, the board will be able to set smart and realistic goals so that it can make systematic decisions to improve the key financial and strategic indicators of performance. Homebase Retail Company operates as one of the biggest and the leading home improvement company, retailer and a gardening centre in the UK. Its close competitors in the industry include Argos and Financial Services. Home Retail Group made revenues amounting to  £18.9 Million in the year that ended in March 2014, which is a slight improvement from the previous year 2013 by approximately 3.6% in revenue (Bourne & Bourne 2002, p. 54). Home Retail Group started operating in the business began in the UK in 1979, under the name Sainsbury Homebase. As one of the largest retail companies in the UK, Homebase Retail Company has a value of between  £2.7 billion and  £3 billion (Kennerley & Neely 2000, p. 47). Homebase Retail Company is currently running its business in a number of subsidiaries in about the UK and the US, such as Bell’s Stores Homebase and Texas Homecare. It has employed more than 17000 workers in all the stores and subsidiaries. Its slogan â€Å"Make a house a ho me† draws many customers to its business, which has grown its client

Topical Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Topical - Research Paper Example Food security involves a situation whereby all human beings have physical and economic access to enough, safe and nutritious food that can meet their dietary needs and food preference for an active and healthy life. Decision makers, policy makers as well as concerned members of the public have widely discussed issues on how much food the world is growing or is able to grow and whether the production of food involves sustainable management of natural resources. In addition, they have also been discussing how food is distributed at the global, regional, national, and household levels. All these concerns have been crucial in achieving concerted efforts and the international commitment of organizations concerned with world food production such as food and agricultural organization (FAO) (Nicholson, 2009, p14). Emerging acknowledgement of other food problems has placed the concerns of the food system in a much broader context. The concerns include human health closely tied to food safety and the growing cases of nutrition related illnesses such as heart diseases; the commercialization and industrialization of food and agriculture; the emergence of advanced technologies with eminent positive and negative economic and environmental impacts; the emergence of transnational organizations in international food markets; rising concentration in food production, processing, and retail and armed conflicts (McMicheal, 1994, p20). There are environmental challenges facing the global food system. These challenges include climate change, the extortion of natural resources, salinity, increased amount of pesticides, GMO concerns, and biodiversity challenged closely linked to monocropping. Each of these challenges does not cross modern borders, hence making the study of the food system itself a valuable and important experience (McMicheal, 1994, p20). The food challenges being experienced in the world now are both diverse and complex.

A factual cyber atack Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A factual cyber atack - Essay Example Some of the cyber crimes are much related to the actual crimes: frauds, thefts, etc. However, modern theory suggests that keeping illegal data on a computer is also a type of cyber crime (â€Å"What is Cyber Crime?†). As per the FBI reports, the United States military networks were penetrated by the Chinese hackers in 2004. The attackers accessed the US military networks and breached the security systems (Thornburgh). The set of codes assembled by the attackers was named the â€Å"Titan rain† (Thornburgh). The attack was discovered by â€Å"Shawn Carpenter†, who was on a secret job at that time. He discovered the set of codes while going through the network codes. The attackers tried to access the sensitive networks as those at Lockheed (Thornburgh). These attacks were supposed to be supported by the Chinese government but no particular evidence showed the fact, and Chinese government neglected the charge. On the other hand, there is a need to respond immediately to stop any more infiltration. The important concern is finding the severity of the attack and how much damage it did to the networks. The attackers could access the information, could make alteration in the information and the associated networks and could prevent certain permitted users to access the network. On the other hand, the important concern was that the corrupt programs might attack the certain hardware and might so influence the system that it will work improperly a great while (Thornburgh). The attackers made a silent escape all the time. The secret information was first converted to ZIP format and then sent immediately to China. The person who discovered the attackers, ‘Carpenter’, thinks that no such planned and rapid attack has happened in the past. In the US Time magazine, Carpenter says, â€Å"Most hackers, if they actually get into a government network, get excited and make mistakes, not these guys. They never hit a wrong key†

Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Interview - Essay Example (Chu et al 2010). The importance of the setup is mirrored by the solidarity of a typical Chinese family. The deep mutual attachment is ingrained among the members, which is important for minimizing the cost of conflicts which may arise due to difference in objectives and other domestic issues. Therefore, the setup is responsible for the high degree of mutual attachment exhibited by all members of a typical traditional Chinese family. However, the demographic transitions and rapid economic development has exerted a negative strain which has resulted in diminished traditional family features. The retreat in traditional Chinese family features has resulted in an accelerating divorce rate, diminished influence of kin group and reduced parental control over married children. On the other hand, the influence of demographic transitions and economic development has helped the establishment of certain positive features such as reduced prevalence of bride price and dowry and has ensured the provision of womenà ¢â‚¬â„¢s rights and social values. (Chu et al 2010). The role of children in a typical setup is to learn and follow the traditional features of a Chinese family. With the advent of globalization, Children are now expected to seek and utilize various educational opportunities. Children are more frequently required to seek overseas education which enables them to play an important role in prosperity of family business or in availing other business opportunities. The children play an essential role in the integrity and continuing family existence by following the footsteps of their parents. In most instances, children are raised without close association with their fathers’ and this transnational family arrangement puts a great strain on the mothers to mould their children in such a way that they are better able to adapt to the internal as well as external environment of a

Current Rights of Women in India Essay Example for Free

Current Rights of Women in India Essay In America women have the right to work, vote, and own just about anything that they can afford. The only thing limiting them is their credit score, or the limit that the bank determines. These may seem like rights that are universal because the reality of America is not the dismays that other countries have to deal with. In other countries this luxury of Equal Rights is not common, and is actually rejected and avoided by all costs. Some countries do not believe in these rights because of their religion, and what they’ve been taught. How can a fundamental value not be learned? Other countries just do not know any different than the man as the hunter or provider, and the woman as the caregiver or housekeeper. These roles in America only recently began to be shared amongst the genders, and to this day these roles are not confirmed by any means. Other countries are beginning to open their mind to other policies mostly because of influences of other cultures, and it is about time this happens. Some of the horrifying conditions that women in India have to deal with are issues that no women would ever want to fathom, and is very unfortunate. Not always being granted the ability to gain an education, being married at a youthful age without any say in the choice of a partner, and unwanted abortion of female fetuses are just a few that surface news channels. Those disturbing issues listed above are what these women have to deal with regularly and have no hope of these problems ever changing because of what some people in some cultures call beliefs. Media has placed great emphasis on the stories that depict that the women’s rights in India have been improving over the past few decades. Improvement can be misinterpreted when a third world country is involved, because any change that is not for the worst can be considered an improvement. What has really improved? Is it going to be up to the women to determine at which point they feel like they are an equal gender in this country? Until this point, there is no telling how long this can take. Cultural Belief of Equality The problem lies in the internal practices of the country. India is a country which mainly operates from the religious inclinations of the population. Be that as it may, how can anyone question their beliefs, and furthermore, who is to say that these practices do or don’t work? Shouldn’t the answer of whether or not their current policies are effective come from the source – the women in this country? In 1926 Sarojini Naidu, the first female president of the Indian National Congress party, had helped achieve the right for women to vote along with the men. It had taken, like most political victories in India for women, a great deal of time and patience (Roy, 2012, para. 15). Indian society is also one of the worlds most culturally diverse, with innumerable linguistic, cultural, and religious groups. Due to the diversity of the Indian populace, Indian policy makers have faced a tough challenge in ensuring that the individual rights of its citizens, including women, are protected (â€Å"Balancing Minority Rights and Gender Justice: The Impact of Protecting Multiculturalism on Womens Rights in India,† 2005, p. 05). This is a country where religion has always ruled their judicial and ethical structure, and because of this it will need to be a common agreement that there needs to be a change from within. The Butalia (1998) website describes a poor woman Rojammas who took a literacy class. She read a story about a woman who had to endure physical abuse from her husband due to his drinking habit. The woman in the story went through the village speaking with the other women to see who had the same problem as her. She determined that the reason for most of the abuse is that their husbands would go to work, and come home and spend all of their money on alcohol. The husbands would get upset when the women weren’t able to feed them because all of their money was spent at the liquor stores. The women rallied and protested at the liquor stores and eventually, in Andhra Pradesh liquor was banned. As a result, families were able to save, violence rates dropped, and life seemed to improve for these people. Unfortunately women are no longer able to be seen in the streets protesting. These brave women were able to make a difference, and had the strength and tools to do so. Since then, their power of protest and voice has been taken. Is this an improvement, and if so, what is next? The nineteenth century was to be considered â€Å"the age of the women†, because all over the world women’s rights and wrongs were the main topic of heated discussion amongst the world. Different countries such and France, Russia, England and Germany began spreading women consciousness, and more towards the mid nineteenth century, Russia began having issues with reformers and anarchist because of the question that was being widely spread across the nations; should women have rights? Although these issues were now arising throughout most countries, in India, the men still see it as men have all power and women obey as they are told. This now brings us with today’s issue that is still being fought in India and even in some other countries. Women now come across broken promises and the â€Å"possibility† of women rights when those rights were already being fought for and stated in the Indian Constitution. In the Constitution it states that â€Å"every single woman’s and girl’s well-being and safety paramount; that their liberties and rights are not to be challenged on the basis of attire or profession; that they are treated equally. † (Women’s Rights in India, 2009) With that being said, this is not the case of what is going on with the women in India; one in particular that was being socially, economically, and politically deprived. This is what is being said about this situation. â€Å"The police commissioner on the other hand has referred to the recent attacks on women as mere incidents of eve teasing. While eve-teasing is itself a term specific to the South Asian region, associated with unsolicited verbal harassment like catcalls, whistles and/or remarks directed towards women, the incidents that he so casually referred to were actual assaults on women for being dressed in western attire. More importantly, even eve teasing calls for action against the perpetrators† (Women’s Rights in India, 2009). It is not ethical for any one person to use their stature for their own personal gain. Although, different countries do have different ethics/cultural ethics, morals and religious beliefs they choose to abide by, does not mean it is not right to degrade women as sexual objects, â€Å"different† because of their personal beliefs, or even their own sense of style. How can one be punished because of the attire they chose to wear? Women have come so far from being just a â€Å"house wife†, to working while World War 1 was taking place, to joining the army to help our fellow soldiers fight for this country, to running as a presidential candidate. Women bleed, breath, think, feel emotion and get hurt physically just like men do, so why do we treat women any differently than a male? If you look back into Egyptian history, Greek Mythology and even some of the â€Å"Gods† that were â€Å"Political† figures to us at one point in time were women: Aphrodite, Artemis, Isis and etc. Women should be granted the exact same rights as the men in this world because they contribute to a lot of the findings we discover, cures we find, the birth our children, some of the things we study and so forth. Will we ever be able to look passed all of the things that we say and do about/towards women? Is it possible to give the rights that we promised for so many years to the women of our country and the other countries that have promised the exact same thing? Discrimination is such a huge discussion amongst our community today because it continues to thrive off of those that are not subjective to change. Change is exactly what we need to bring out the different opinions between cultures, and religious beliefs. Although it is a belief, that does not mean that it is morally right to believe it is ok to treat women in a certain fashion that we see as correct. The mixed bag of laws, bills, commitments, broken promises, new pledges and fresh possibilities for women’s rights comes with its share of anticipation and disappointments. Will promises be converted into laws and will prejudices make way for a little more tolerance and a little less chauvinism? Will social perceptions of women and their traditionally assigned roles in society witness a change under the collective pressure of government laws and social campaigns? And will society eventually look at girls through the same lens that they see boys? And yet hope survives†¦

Treatments of Parkinsons Disease

Treatments of Parkinsons Disease Parkinsons disease is a neurological condition that affects the sufferers mobility and speech. It affects the central nervous system, leading to a persons inability to control muscles throughout the body. It is a disease whose treatment does not intend to cure it but instead, aims at controlling its manifestation. There are various ways in which this can be done. It may involve the use of drugs or the performance of surgery. Doctors strongly recommend exercise to try to keep muscles strong. It progresses gradually or severely from the early stages with mild symptoms to later stages with severe symptoms. The disease is a result of lowered formation and action of dopamine which is produced by the dopaminergic neurons found in the brain. This knowledge led to the formation of drugs that will either increase the formation or mimic the actions taken by dopamine in the brain. This was important because an increase in the levels of dopamine would lead to a reduction of the effects of the disease. All the drugs used to control the disease include dopamine as their main active agent regardless of how it works. Depending on which class of drugs it belongs to, it may either mimic or produce dopamine. Among the earliest forms of treatments are the anticholinergics. These were used even before the introduction of Levodopa, which is now the most widely used drug. The anticholinergics had very little benefits when compared to the harmful side effects caused by usage. The side effects include having a dry mouth, urine retention (which especially occurs among men), and very severe constipation and nausea. There are some other side effects that occur that are more serious and are among the major reasons why the use of these drugs has become minimal. These include confusion, memory loss, and hallucination (http://www.mayoclinic.com). The realization that the benefits seen were much less than the side effects it causes has led to the reduction of its prescription. Since some anti-depressants and antihistamines tend to have almost the same effect as the anticholinergics, doctors will prescribe them to older people who are suffering from this terrible disease. Once an individual experiences any of the serious severe symptoms, it is advised that the use of the drug be stopped immediately. Levodopa is a drug that was introduced in 1967 and is currently the most commonly used drug. It is most commonly referred to as Sinemet and is used to help restore ones control over ones muscles. Levodopa is referred to as the gold standard of Parkinsons treatment because it is usually used as the first line of defense. The reason a sufferer of Parkinsons cant just take Dopamine itself is because Dopamine cannot breakthrough the blood-brain barrier. Levodopa can get through this barrier and is converted to Dopamine once it reaches the brain. It therefore increases the level of Dopamine and counters the effects of the disease. The conversion to Dopamine is what leads to the positive effects that a patient experiences when using the drug (Henkel). Levodopa however has very serious side effects which include nausea and dyskinesias (involuntary movement). This occurs because only a small percentage of the drug actually reaches the brain to be transformed into Dopamine. The rest of it is transformed into dopamine in the body. It therefore becomes necessary to use Carbidopa, which delays the metabolism of Levodopa until it reaches the dopaminergic neurons in the brain. The combination helps reduce the side effects caused by the drug. Carbidopa delays the metabolism of Levodopa, keeping it from metabolizing in the body. This helps to greatly reduce the side effects felt by the user. The other problem posed by the use of this drug is that its dosage needs to be increased over time. It has also been observed to work on and off without any explanation or reason. This makes it unreliable because its effects are not constant, and at times the patient gets violent attacks while still under medication. The various side effects and unreliability of levodopa leads to the necessity to combine it with various other drugs to make it more effective. Some of these drugs can be used on their own while others actually require to be used with the Levodopa-Carbidopa combination. A cluster of drugs called Dopamine agonists are usually used in a combination with the Levodopa-Carbidopa drugs. They can however also be used on their own if the disease has not greatly progressed. Also, it is recommended that these drugs only be used alone in young adults. This class of drugs does not produce or help in the production of dopamine but instead imitates the effects that Dopamine has in the body. They tend to act on behalf of Dopamine (http://www.mayoclinic.com). This class of drugs include; Apokyn, Requip, Parlodel and Mirapex. Parlodel has been used very little of late. This is because it had very serious side effects that endangered the patient more than it benefited him/her. It would cause inflammation in the lungs and/or heart valves of the user and would lead to further deterioration of the patients health. In general this class of drugs has side effects that are almost similar to those of carbidopa-levodopa but with slight differences. The effects of having involuntary movement are reduced while those of hallucinations and/or sleepiness are increased. The drug Mirapex takes up the role of dopamine in the body as it is one of the dopamine agonists. When it is used in the absence of Levodopa-Carbidopa, it causes a 30% improvement in the health of the patient. When used in combination, it is able to reduce the intake of the Levodopa dosage by about 25%. Requip is also a dopamine agonist that can also be used either alone or with Levodopa. When used together with Levodopa, it can reduce the intake of Levodopa by around 31%. The reduction of Levodopa dosage decreases side-effects to the patient (Henkel). Catechol-o-methyltransferace inhibitors, which are usually abbreviated as COMT inhibitors, are used to block the enzymes that break down the Levodopa into Dopamine before it reaches the brain. They can be used in combination with the Carbidopa-Levodopa therapy. The two main COMT inhibitors are Tasmar and Entacapone. Tasmar is rarely used because of its severe impact on the health of the user. It causes severe liver damage and hence is only used as a last resort if the patient has failed to respond to any other therapy (http://www.mayoclinic.com). Entacapone does not have side-effects as severe as those of Tasmar and is therefore recommended over Tasmar. Its major side-effect is the involuntary movements experienced by the user. It works in conjunction with the Carbidopa-Levodopa therapy by increasing their availability. This is done by blocking the enzymes that break down the substance into Dopamine until the drug is already in the brain. This then means that the effects of Levodopa-Carbidopa are prolonged because they occur only in the brain. Stalevo, another drug, is the result of a combination of Carbidopa, Levodopa and Entacapone. Selegiline, also referred to as Eldepryl, is another drug that can either be used with or without the presence of Carbidopa-Levodopa therapy. It works by preventing the metabolism of Dopamine. It does this by slowing down the activity of one of the enzymes that metabolize Dopamine. This is the monoamine oxidase B which is abbreviated as MAO-B. The use of Selegiline has other positive effects like delaying the need of Carbidopa-Levodopa. When combined with Carbidopa-Levodopa it improves the effectiveness of the drug. It can however have some adverse toxic reactions when combined with Demerol which is a narcotic drug. Apart from ingesting drugs, they can be administered through the skin through the use of a silicon-based patch. Rotigotine is a dopamine agonist drug that can be administered through the skin, but can only be used in the early stages of the disease. This is called Neupro-rotigotine transdermal system. The patch has to be changed every 24 hours. It works by stimulating the Dopamine receptors in the body. Its side-effects include skin reaction where the patch is, hallucinations, insomnia, drowsiness, sleep-attacks, nausea, vomiting and the most severe is the reduction in blood pressure once the person stands up (http://www.fda.gov). Amantadine is another drug that is used in treatment of Parkinsons disease but its use was discovered by accident. Initially it was created to be an antiviral used in the treatment of influenza and was approved as such in 1976 by the Food and Drug Administration. It was however discovered to provide short term relief when used alone in the early stages of the Parkinsons disease. When it is combined with Carbidopa-Levodopa it can be used by those in the later stages. It has side effects that mostly involve swelling of the ankles and turning skin color purple (http://www.mayoclinic.com). In every human beings body, there is the presence of coenzyme Q10 which is produced by the mitochondria. This enzyme is used in the transport of electrons so that they can gain energy from the oxygen inhaled. This is done in the process called cellular respiration. The levels of this enzyme are very low in those suffering from Parkinsons disease. These people can therefore benefit greatly by having more of this enzyme. This can only be achieved by taking supplements which can be bought from a pharmacy. This aids in helping to slow down the onset of the disease. Apart from the use of drugs, there are various surgeries that can be used to control the effects of the disease. One of the surgeries is pallidotomy which involves the destruction of a small bit of the globus pallidus. Doctors believe all people who are suffering from Parkinsons have an overactive globus pallidus. The procedure is done by drilling a small hole in the skull and using an electric probe to kill part of the pallidus. It can only be done when the patient is sedated but awake so the doctor can judge the patients reactions to stimuli. There is a globus pallidus on each side of the brain, but the operation can only be done on one side at a time. Its side effects mostly involve impaired speech (http://www.fda.gov). Thalamotomy is another surgical procedure used in the control of Parkinsons disease. It is only performed on those patients who are experiencing tremors in either the hands or the arms that become too severe to handle. Usually the tremors are so bad they disable the person. It involves the destruction of a specific group of cells that are located in the thalamus in the brain. The surgery reduces or completely eliminates the tremors in around 90% of those who undergo the procedure (http://www.fda.gov). There is also the presence of a gadget that can be compared to the pacemaker used for cardio problems. It is known as the brain pacemaker (http://www.fda.gov). This form of therapy is referred to as Active Tremor Control Therapy. It involves the surgical implantation of an insulated wire to the brain. It is placed in the thalamus region of the brain, the subthalamic nucleus, and also the globus pallidus area of the brain. The whole system includes three components which are the: lead, extension and the neurostimulator. This system is referred to as Deep Brain Stimulation because it occurs directly inside the brain. A small hole is made in the skull and through it the lead is inserted into the brain. The lead is a very thin insulated wire. The tip of the lead is in contact with the area that has been targeted. Once it has been implanted, it is connected to the neurostimulator by the extension which is also an insulated wire (http://minds.nih.gov). The extension passes under the skin and moves from the head, to the neck, the shoulder and finally to where the neurostimulator is located. The neurotransmitter is located either under the collarbone, in the abdomen or the lower chest area just directly under the skin. The neurotransmitter involves a battery pack that sends electrical impulses to the brain. This is done through the extension and the lead. When the person is undergoing tremors, he or she is supposed to pass a handheld magnet over the location of the neurostimulator. The electrical impulses that are sent by the neurostimulator work by blocking the electrical signals that are the cause of the Parkinsons disease symptoms. They are dysfunctional brain signals and they are the cause of the tremors. This procedure is preferred because it does not destroy the nerve cells and when one wants to stop its use it is as easy as having the system surgically removed. Works Cited Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinsons Disease Information. NINDS. 22 Nov. 2007 . Henkel, John. Parkinsons Disease: New Treatments Slow Onslaught of Symptoms. FDA. 22 Nov. 2007 . Neupro Patch for Parkinsons Approved. FDA. 22 Nov. 2007 . Parkinsons Disease: Treatment. MayoClinic. 22 Nov. 2007

Marketing Strategy Of Newspaper Education Essay

Marketing Strategy Of Newspaper Education Essay Marketing environment of today is not only competitive but equally volatile. Therefore the organizations have to put in everything into it not only to survive but to gain competitive edge. The advent of globalization has placed every premium on organization to shift their focus from competitive advantage to sustainable competitive advantage. It thus becomes important for organization to devise strategy on how to survive. Strategy is a long term plan of action designed to achieve a particular goal such as competitive advantage. It reflects the values, expectation, and goal of the organization. To achieve marketing objective of profitable satisfaction customers need, for an organization in high-growth moderately competitive market along with economic growth, a well-developed marketing strategy is required. Such strategy considers portfolio of product and takes into account the anticipated moves of competitors in the market. Marketing strategy Marketing strategy is process of organization to concentrate it limited resources on the greatest opportunities to increase sales and achieve a sustainable competitive advantage with the ultimate goal of customer satisfaction. It is a method of focusing an organizations energies and resources on a course of action which leads to increase sales and target market. Marketing strategy is a wide term which combines product development, promotion, distribution, pricing relation dominance. Marketing strategy is a written plan which combines product development, promotion, distribution and pricing approach that will be achieved within a stated time frame. It determines the choice of the target market segment, positioning, marketing mix and allocation of resources. Marketing strategy is a process of selecting and analyzing a target market and creating as well as maintaining an appropriate marketing mix that will satisfy the target market. It is a long term plan to achieve certain objective. A marketing strategy is therefore a marketing plan to achieve marketing objective. It is detailed planning involving marketing research and then developing marketing mix to delight the customers. Developing strategy involves establishing clear aim objectives around which the framework for policy is created. Having established its strategy, an organization can then work out its day-to-day tools and tactics to meet the objectives. Marketing thus can be seen as the process of developing implementing a strategy to plan co-ordinate ways of identifying, anticipating satisfying customers demand in such a way as to make profit. It is the strategic planning process that lies at the heart of marketing. It helps in integrating an organizations marketing goals, policies and action plan into a cohesive whole. THE TIMES newspaper Position: The Times is a Uks leading news paper covering national news. For much of its history it has been regarded as Britains newspaper of the record is preserved in the British library. The Times began publication in 1785. At that time it was called as Daily universal Registered. Published in broadsheet for over 200 years, the newspaper switched to the tabloid format in 2004 in an effort to better serve the younger reader and to appeal to commuter using public transport. This newspaper is owed by News Corporation; originally an Australian company reincorporated in the US in 2004 and moved its headquarters from Adelaide to New York city. The Time is the original times newspaper, leading its name to many newspaper around the world, which include The Newyork Times, The Times Of India, The Times Of Malta, The Irish Times. The newspaper covers the price in UK is 90ps on weekday and 1.50p on Saturday 2pounds on Sunday which termed as The Sunday Times. History of the news paper: The Times was founded by John Walter on 1stJanuary 1785 as The Daily universal Registered, with Walter in the role of editor. Walter change the title after 940neditions on 1stjanuary 1788 to The Times. In 1803 John Walter handed over the ownership and editorship to his son of the same name John Walter sr. since then the ownership and editorship passed on to many. The Astor family sold The Times to the Canadian media entrepreneur Roy Thomson in 1966. Thomson merged The Times with Sunday times to Times newspaper limited, a subsidiary of news international. News International is entirely owned by the News Corporation group, headed by Rupert Mrdoch on 3rdmay, 1966, The Times began printing news stories on the front page on the paper. The front page had previously been dedicated to advertisement and paid announcement, which had contributed significantly towards the cost of producing the newspaper. The times were closed down from 1stdecember 1978 to 12thNovember, 1979, due to industrial dispute between the Thomson Corporation and print Unions. No times newspaper was printed during this period. Since then the newspaper is printed from Monday to Saturday in compact tabloid formats as of December 2008, it has an average daily circulation of 6,00,962 copies. Long considered the UK newspaper of the record, The Times generally seen as a serious publication with high standard of journalism. The British Business Survey 2005 named The Times as the UKs leading daily newspaper for business newspaper. Importance of strategy in marketing newspaper. Newspaper is unique business and in that competition is the minute-by-minute battle. News is something you dont already know. With net able to supply the information almost instantly, newspaper has little choice but to put everything they publish everyday up on the internet in the hope to keeping people on their site and returning to their site the next day. Strategies for marketing the newspaper have evolved over the years as the concept of cost per unit of circulation, with its inherent incorporation of cost per order and retention, has taken hold. More recently, acceptance of tiered subscription pricing strategies and the valuation of subscribers based upon advertising revenue have added another level of complexity and opportunity. The Times as a newspaper has adopted various marketing strategies to be in competition and to satisfy its reader and also to attract the new reads. Some of the various strategies adopted by The Times. The marketing strategy of the Time as leader in the market was significant in the year 2003 led the times to revolutionize the newspaper industry by lunching the compact version of paper. The strategy of redesigning the paper from broadsheet to compact version was born out of the recognisation that with long working hours, extensive commuting habit many media source there was a need for quality news in a convenient size. Initially the compact version of paper was launch in London with TV postal campaign targeting the busy professionals on move. The campaign idea was rooted in consumers truth, the commuter experience of trying to read broadsheet on train in rush hours. The campaign stressed the benefit of the new compact by illustrating how inconvenient the broadsheet can be. The Time was the forefront of the compact version movement and this vision was rewarded by a significant growth in circulation readership. The Times has enjoyed a substantial circulation increase since the launch, with sales growth in an otherwise declining market. All communication was united by the campaign endline,Its not big but it is clever. The Times adopted the strategy of introducing new innovative ideas for increasing its readership. The Times was the first to launch sport handbook, now produces eight each year covering football, rugby, formulaone,golf,tennis athletic . The main aim of this move was to attract people with high interest in sports (sport fans). Over last 2years The Times commitment to sport has developed significantly with an all star line-up writer from across the sporting spectram. Times also sponsor various activity which includes Sky Business news and The Times bfi London Film Festival for which the newspaper is the lead sponsor. The Times also has a strong portfolio of dedicated sections throughout the week. Screen on Thursdays, a stand-alone film section, which carries the latest film reviews, industry news and gossip. On Friday, Bricks and Mortar presents the latest facts, figures and fantasies from the world of property. Also new in 2003 was the relaunched Saturday Times which included four new sections. The Knowledge, a weekly insiders guide to life in London, The Eye, a guide to whats on the big and small screens, Weekend Review, the intelligent read for high and low brow culture, and Body Soul, a supplement dedicated to health and well-being. Body Soul is the only section of its kind in the UK newspaper market. Promotion strategy of TheTimes The Times promotional strategy is to work closely with branding activity to reinforce the values of the product. As the brand campaign continues to focus on re-appraisal through key editorial areas such as sport, entertainment and health and well-being so too will the promotions. The Times promotional activity has traditionally been communicated through combination of TV and Radio advertisement which ensure targeting specific audience. A second element to The Times promotional strategy is developing and fostering alliance with appropriate partners. For promoting their newspaper The Times for the first time in 17 years replaces its current tagline for The Sunday times as Sunday paper will launch to coincide with papers full color redesign. It will be supported by 3million TV, press outdoor ad campaign. This is mainly done to focus on the diversity of Newspapers audience. According to director of the paper, this marketing strategy will help the newspaper to build customer loyalty rather than encourage one-off sales. According to companys marketing sales director vanneck, the main basing marketing for Sunday times on the reason that people will buy it week-in week-out .they will sail the newspaper on the brand, content, the sub-brand. This will help the paper to build the brand loyalty. Pricing strategy: In the era when free newspaper are booming, paid -for newspaper are reconsidering their pricing strategy. Pricing is a key strategic tool in the battle for increased circulation. Different strategies are adopted by the newspapers to increase readerships loyalty and profitability. Over the period of years the times followed the various pricing strategy to compete with its rivals such as the guardian, the independent, the telegraph and many more. In early 90s the times as a market leader in the industry followed a predatory strategy. It reduced its price, the managers were of the opinion that this will help in increasing demand elasticity over a period of time and it would eventually rise sufficiently to componsatefor the price cut. This price cut strategy helped the times it increase its market share among other newspapers. In June 1994 the telegraph reacted to the growing share of market for the times by cutting its price and the independent followed. The Times soon responded to this by cutting its price further, although price settled down at slightly higher level soon after. By July 1998, the times price was 35p while that of Guardian ,the telegraph and the independent were 45p.THE TIMES sales was almost double than that of its competitors. This relative position stayed more or less unchanged for next five years. By 2002 there was slight decline in overall market for UK broadsheet. The sales of the times were running jus t over 7, 00,000daily. The decline in the newspaper ,market was mainly because of growth of internet and 24 hours TV news channels. The nature of competition changed, as a result the price competition took back seat and the times, raised its price to 60p in 2005. Along with this it introduced a new format for their paper, this increased the sale to about 6, 60,000 per day. In 2007 the time further increased its price by 5p and was priced at 65p without having any effect to its daily sales figure. The aggressive pricing strategy adopted by the times has a long lasting effect on sale pattern of UKs newspaper industry. Distribution channels: Newspaper have a unique characteristics in that they are delivered to approximately 54,000 retail outlet worldwide every day, the content changes substantially from day-to-day and the demand for them will expire by lunch time on the day of the sale. Although some other product s might share one or two of these characteristics their combination in newspaper means that the process of getting this product from supplier to consumer is substantially different from other in the industry. As a result newspaper have a distribution system that is dedicated to that one product. Unlike supply channel for many product, which are retails driven, the supply chain for newspaper is publishers led. Publishers appear a strong degree of influence over pricing volume nature of services Newspaper publisher print their newspaper by using print centers which are owned by the publisher directly or other provide printing services to publisher on agency basis. This newspaper prints are than supplied to wholesalers from there to retailers and finally to the consumers. In addition to delivery by wholesalers, some newspaper are supplied directly to consumer through subscription. The Times to reach to its customers directly, comes up with various subscription issues such as UK paper subscription, US paper subscription, E-paper subscription, overseas subscription, Times Archives etc. It also offer various discounts and offer on various subscription. Sometimes it gives gift vouchers along with subscription to attract the readers. Not only this the times also offers complimentary membership to culture+, an art and entertainment program exclusive to subscriber of times and Sunday times. Some of the highs of this subscription includes free admission to hundred of galleries, museums and historical houses priority booking for the most of the talked about plays and shows exclusive offers from sky etc It also offers various discounts to students for their subscription. SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE TIMES; SWOT stands for strength, weakness, opportunity, and threats, and it is one of the important tool to highlight the business present situation and where it could be in future. It is a strategic planning which specify the main objective of business and identifies the external and internal factors that are favorable and unfavorable for achieving the goal and objective of particular business. It mainly focuses on Strength: attributes of business those are helpful in achieving the objectives. Weakness: attributes of business those are harmful in achieving the objectives. Opportunities: external conditions those are helpful in achieving the objectives. Threats: external conditions those are harmful in achieving the objectives. Strength: strength of the business are positive element. It gives business edge over the competitor. The main strength of the times as newspaper are Being a market leader, it has a key to their success as it boosts reputation in the market. Its marketing strategy has proved to be effective. The Times has an extensive customer base which is major strength regarding sales and profits. The Times has competitively high percentage of market share among other newspapers. Weakness: weakness of a business is something which is needed to be improved as it may have negative impact on the business. Reputation is important for the times as market leader. So it is important for it to come up with new product and services from time-to-time to be in the competition. Charging for their content on internet may have negative effect on their business. Opportunity: These are external factors, changes, trends, or needs that could help the business to evolve and grow. For the time there are ample of opportunities available such as Capturing new market by offering new product such as overseas subscription, sports handbook etc can help the times to increase its readership. It can expand its online presence by improving and providing wide range of services through their websites. Forming strategic alliance could help the times to raise its circulation and increase its readership. Expanding product line can also help the time to capture major market share among its competitors. Threats: These are external factors which may restrict, damage, or put the business at risk. These are factors which are outside companys control and may prove harmful for growth. The possible threats that can affect the times newspaper are Price war between the competitors may unsteady the pricing strategy of the times Raising operation costs could be the major downfall for the times as it affects the overall profits of the business. Many free journal available can affect the readership of the paper at large E-business strategy of newspaper industry; Once the strong print business sector, newspapers are now struggling with declining circulation, shrinking classified advertisement and proliferation of competition. But despite of significant challenges, the industry also finds itself at a crossroad that presents significant opportunity for this business to evolve and grow. In past few years a number of interesting trends emerged, one of the most significant being digital media publishing and online monetization. Internet effect on newspaper is uninterested, how to accommodate the digital age remains one of the industrys key dilemmas. Now the industry is changing the marketing strategy and the emergences of digital media from wireless device to e-reader to social network, almost all newspaper have their own website. Both TV internet bring news to consumer faster n in more visual style than newspaper. This competing medium also offers opportunity to use moving image and sounds. This print business sector recognizes the opportunity of going global and continues to invest in growth by taking the advantage of digital media. News is something you dont already know but with net able to supply this information almost instantly, newspapers have little choice but to put everything they publish everyday up on internet in the hope of keeping people on their site and returning to their site next day. Popularity of newspaper website depends up on the content of the site. Normally the content of the website is splinted in to six areas which includes The news stories After week though- this are archive stories Columnists opinion pieces E-mail services giving people a concise rundown of stories that are likely to interest them direct to their inboxes Digital facsimile of printed Newspaper Finally there are add-ons crosswords, competition games the likes. E-business strategies of the times; The times group has used a variety of online strategies to increase their online readers. In September 2008 they commissioned to build a James Bond themed Microsoft entitled Be a bond baddie The main aim of the move was to promote Times online coverage of James Bond on their website give added value to PR of the time raise awareness for Times online readership generate large amount of traffic repeats visitors. Times online were thrilled with the result interim of traffic uptake application. Not only this Times online entered into editorial initiative aimed at improving spellings for school Childers around UK. This program was launched as their educational initiative with the aim of attracting peer group. The main objective behind this program was to uplift the Times circulation, to contribute to establishing The Times as a market leader in education. the result was successful as number of registration exceeded expectation site continues to experience the high volume of traffic with over 50,000nviews since launch. Times Online, the website of the Times Sunday times has launched a global internet edition. Most overseas visitors to the website are directed to new paper as a default view which rebalanced away from domestic content will feature more foreign news comments. UK readers are able to switch back forth between the two editions. According to times editor, Robert Thomson, going global was an important movement in the long distinguished history of paper Its primary aim is to give a traditionally less parochial front page (peter Bale, online editor of times) This strategy of going global was adopted with the intension of capturing the worlds market developing a reader loyalty. With growing competition the newspaper is coming up with different strategy to capture major market share by increasing its readership. The Times is launching an internet television services. It now has a news agency style video feed which is a starting point for broader introduction of video service. It will help in generating more content will help in becoming village seqarefor videos. It will also invite reader to send their video to the news site will add future texture by providing link on the site. This will help the reader to get more reliable information on video. Not only is this to attract the reader The Times planning to launch separate website for its Sunday edition The Sunday Times. This website will be available to reader by the end of this November. Newspaper industry very well incorporated the technological changes in their business. Having website has helped in increasing its readership significantly. But the cost of having such website is quite high. The struggle has always been how to make money by charging for content while also keeping as many as people returning to the site. And also course there is ever present back of the mind fear that the diverse online content will stop people buying newspaper. To cope with this situation, The Times, in terms of overall UK market introduced a crossword archive subscription services in 2008.Not only this they started charging for their online content. The general manager of Times paper Paul Hayes said the free ride is over day of free content have gone. The Times was first to charge for their content on net. According to The Times manager, every aspect of site need to support itself with its own revenue stream that is why they stared charging for its archives, for digital version of paper its law report. Despite of charging The Times has around 2million unique users. The main aim of the Times is to be the best newspaper in the world. The goal is to deliver accurate, intelligent engaging information to an ever large, ever more discerning audiances.The role of The Times as newspaper has evolved due to changes in information provision. Proliferation of satellite, TV channels, radio stations, the internet has helped the times to satisfy every need of its readers. Future of newspaper in 21st century; The future of newspaper has been widely debated as the industry has faced down soaring newsprint price, slumping ad sales, loss of much classified ads, drop in circulation. In recent years number of newspaper has slated for closure, bankruptcy or serves cutbacks. Revenue has plugged while competition from internet media has squeezed print publication. The debate has been more urgent, as a Deeping recession has shaved profits as once expensive growth in newspaper web revenue has leveled off forestalling what the industry hoped would become important source of revenue. The issue is whether the newspaper industry is being hit by cyclical trough, or whether new technology has reduced obsolete newspaper in their traditional formats. Facing these challenges, newspaper are considering combining to survive. Newspaper industry has always been cyclical the industry has weathered previous troughs. But with television arrival explosion of internet the first decade of 21stcentury increased the panoply of media choice available to reader while further cutting into newspapers begancy as source if news. Both TV internet bring news to the consumer faster in a more visual style than newspapers. This competing medium also offers opportunity to use moving image sound. Technological revolution has meant that reader accustomed to waiting for daily newspaper can now receive up-to-the -minute update from web portals. This new revenue stream, newspapers website, often takes away fraction of sum generated by the previous ads circulation driven revenue stream so newspaper have been forced to curtail their overhead while simultaneously trying to entice news users. Expanding reach of broadband internet access, many newspapers have faced several problems such as falling ad revenue plugging circulation. Ultimately the newspaper of future may bear little resemblance to newsprint edition familiar to older reader. It may become a by bird, part print part internet or perhaps eventually go fully digital. However the transition from print page to whatever comes next will likely be fought with challenges, both for newspaper and for its customers. The paper in newspaper may go away but the news will still remain. The paper is dynamic, but its just a device. Replacing it with pixel is better experience.(according to bill Keller, executive editor of Newyork times) Many more changes may happen in the worlds fast growing Newspapers market. The world is becoming more digital but the technology has helped newspapers as much as the internet. Making technological changes work for them or instead of them, will decide whether newspaper remain vital or road kill on the information superhighway. Newspaper had justified their existence with energy, creativity integrity. Thus, as of now it can be concluded that newspaper has remained open has welcomed technological changes. It has changed in every scene be it appearance, or marketing or using web according to time advent of technology to serve its objective of providing information keeping in mind the interest of customers.

buddhism :: essays research papers

Buddhism is a major religion, founded in northeastern India. Buddhism was based on the teachings of Siddhartha Guatama, who is known as â€Å"Buddha† The Enlightened one. Buddha is divided into two major groups known as â€Å"The way of the Elders† and â€Å"Mahayana† the great vehicle.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Siddhartha Guatama was born in 563 BC in Kapilavastu near the Indian-Nepal border. The young prince withdrew all his luxury and went on a quest for peace and enlightenment. When he attained the enlightenment he had been seeking, Buddha began to preach. Going from place to place, getting more and more disciples for his ministry called the â€Å"Sangha†. Buddha did not leave a written scroll or a book of teachings. So as a result later followers wrote his beliefs. At the center of Buddha enlightenment was the realization of the four noble truths. 1) Life is suffering 2) all suffering is caused by ignorance of the nature of reality and the craving, attachment and grasping the result 3) suffering can be ended by overcoming ignorance and attachment 4) the path to the suppression of suffering is the â€Å"Noble Eightfold path†, which consists of right views, right intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindedness and right contemption. Also according to Buddhism a person is only a temporary combination of aggregates that include the material body, feelings, perception, predisposition or karmic tendencies and consciousness. Buddhism spread rapidly throughout India. Missionaries introduced the religion to southern India, to the northwestern part of the land and to Sri Lanka. Buddhism had reached Myanmar by the 5th century AD. It was adopted by the Thai people between the 1100s and 1300s, and then moved into Laos and Cambodia, about the beginning of the Christian era. Buddhism was carried to Central Asia, from there it entered China by the early 1st century AD, influencing Chinese culture and, in turn, adapting itself to Chinese ways.

Compare and Contrast Tragedy and Comedy :: comparison compare contrast essays

Compare and Contrast Tragedy and Comedy A tragedy is defined as beginning with a problem that affects everyone, i.e. the whole town or all the characters involved, the tragic hero must solve this problem and this results in his banishment or death [run-on sentence]. A comedy is defined as also beginning with a problem, but one of less significant importance. The characters try to solve the problem and the story ends with all the characters uniting in either a marriage of a party. Although these two genres are seen as being complete opposites of each other, through further analysis one can gather that though they are different certain similarities can also be seen. One aspect of these genres that can be compared and contrasted is the narrative or plot. A comparison can be analyzed in that both begin with a problem. In Oedipus Rex, the play begins with a plague devastating the city of Thebes. In A Midsummer Night's Dream there is also a plague that is upon the land. However, a difference between these two beginnings is that in Oedipus Rex the citizen are effected by it to the point that they look towards Oedipus for a solution to their suffering; while in A Midsummer Night's Dream, the effects of the plague are never shown to the audience and it seems a minor detail. Another difference is the cause of the plague in the two plays. In the tragedy, Oedipus Rex, the hero ends up being the cause because he murdered the king; while in A Midsummer Night's Dream the cause is a fight between Titania and Oberon. Another point that can be compared and contrasted is the search for a solution in the plots. In Hamlet, Hamlet is searching for the truth to discover if his father was really murdered by his uncle and if this is true he must correct the situation by killing his uncle. Also, in Oedipus Rex this plot is seen in that Oedipus is searching for the truth about the murder of the old king, Laios, and the situation will be resolved by the murder being banished from Thebes. In contrast A Midsummer Night's Dream is more centered around the lovers trying to overcome the forces that separate them and Oberon seeking revenge on Titania.