In the summer of 1969, not everyone was at Woodsto Essay Example For Students

In the summer of 1969, not everyone was at Woodsto Essay ck. In laboratories on eitherside of the continent a small group of computer scientists were quietly changingthe future of communication. Their goal was to build a computer network thatwould enable researchers around the country to share ideas (Kantrowitz 56). TheInternet we make so much today the global Internet which has helped scholarsso much, where free speech is flourishing as never before in history theInternet was a cold war military project. It was designed for purposes of militarycommunication in a United States devastated by a Soviet nuclear strike. Originally, the Internet was a post-apocalypse command grid (Tappendorf 1). The threat of nuclear war was a tangible, and frightening, possibility during thecold war period. In the 1960s the Vietnam War was grabbing all of the headlines. The history books describe the decade as brimming with social unrest andchange. This decade also witnessed the birth of a military experiment that was toevolve into what we now call the Net (Net 1). The history of the Internet beginswith the research and development, RAND, group in 1966. Paul Baran wascommissioned by the United States Air Force to do a study on how it couldmaintain its command control over its missiles and bombers, after a nuclearattack. Barans finished document described several ways to accomplish thistask. What he finally proposes is a packet switched network (Tappendorf 2). Packet switching is a method of fragmenting messages into sub-parts calledpackets, routing them to their destinations and reassembling them. Packetizinginformation has several advantages. It facilitates allowing several users to sharethe same connection by breaking up the data into discrete units which can berouted separately. Because no transmission medium is 100% reliable, packetswitching allows one bad packet to be re-sent while other good packets areuninterrupted in their transmission (Hardy 6). Packets may carry informationabout themselves, where they have been and where they are going. In addition,packets may be compressed for speed and size advantages or encrypted forsecurity. Most packets carry some sort of internal check for consistency that helpsto weed out bad packets. Packetizing data has advantages in overcoming certaininherent bandwidth and speed constraints, particularly in older network andmodem based communication (Hardy 6). The early pioneers of AdvancedResearch Pro jects Agency network, ARPAnet, wanted to create a network thatwas robust, reliable, and did not have a single point of failure. A single point offailure would be a network designed with one device that was the master node,or controlling device, for the network. This leads to problems in that when themaster node goes down, the whole entire network is lost. These early pioneers ofARPAnet acknowledged this single point of failure concept, in turn, created anetwork that had no central controlling device; rather, it was made up ofindividual devices, or nodes that all worked together and participated on thenetwork. Although these first networks consisted of few machines, it laid thefoundation for things to come (Boyce 492). The reliable networking partinvolved dynamic rerouting. If one of the network links were to become disruptedby enemy attack, the traffic on it could automatically be rerouted to other links. Fortunately, the net rarely has come under enemy attack. But an errant backhoecutting a cable is just as much of a threat, so its important for the net to bebackhoe resistant (Levine 12). Starting with the ARPAnet the government beganresearching ways to exchange information among various government siteslocated in the United States. The research and implementation of ARPAnet led tothe early beginnings of the Internet. This network allowed government officials atvarious sites to exchange files, documents, and messages with one another, eventhough they were physically separated by many miles (Boyce 492). In 1969, whatwould later become the Internet was founded. It contrasts sharply with todaysInternet. The ARPAnet network had four machines on it, linked together with apacket switched network. Soon afterward other government agencies becameinterested in this new network; Department of Defense, NASA, National ScienceFoundation, and the Federal Reserve Board. Because of this new interest and thefact that ARPAnet was growing, now 24 nodes in 1972, Information ProcessingTechniques Office, IPTO, began to look to other ways to transmit data other thanthrough a wire. Two projects were launched to settle these needs. The first wasthe use of satellites for data transmission. IPTO quickly learned that it would bepossible to send data via satellite and went into negotiations with the board ofdirectors of International Telecommunications Satellite Organization. The secondproject was for radio transmitted data. It soon also became apparent that a packetswitched radio network for mobile computing would be possible. In 1976, thepacket satellite project went into practical use. Atlantic packet Satellite network,SATNET, was born. This network linked the United States with Europe. Thisnetwork was interesting in that it used commercial Intelsat satellites that wereowned by the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization asopposed to government military satellites (Tappen dorf 2). In the same year a mancalled Ray Tomlinson created an e-mail program that could send personalmessages across the network. Seems harmless enough, but this developmentplayed an important role in the nets evolution by helping it move further awayfrom its military roots. The academics with access to the system were using itpredominantly to communicate with colleagues, and their messages were notalways about research. Mailing lists on a variety of subjects proved to be verypopular (Net 2). In 1973, the United States Defense Advanced Research ProjectsAgency, DARPA, initiated a research program to investigate techniques andtechnologies for interlining packet networks of various kinds. The objective wasto develop communication protocols which would allow networked computers tocommunicate transparently across multiple, linked packet networks. This wascalled the Internetting Project and the system of networks which emerged fromthe research was known as the Internet. The system of pro tocols which wasdeveloped over the course of this research effort became known as the TCP/IPprotocol suite, after the two initial protocols developed: Transmission ControlProtocol, TCP, and Internet Protocol, IP (Liener 1). In 1976 the Department ofDefense, began to experiment with this new protocol and soon decided to requireit for use on ARPAnet. January 1983 was the date fixed as when every machineconnected to ARPAnet had to use this new protocol (Tappendorf 3). In additionto the selection of TCP/IP for the NSFNET program, Federal agencies made andimplemented several other policy decisions which shaped the Internet of today(Leiner 11). The creation of the TCP/IP protocol made possible the text basedNet communications systems so popular today, including electronic mail,discussion lists, file indexing, and hypertext. E-mail, of course, is the mostwidely used of the Net services, the most convenient and the most functional(Diamond 42). The backbone had made the transition from a net work built fromrouters out of the research community to commercial equipment. In its 8 1/2 yearlifetime, the backbone had grown from six nodes with 56 kbps links to 21 nodeswith multiple 45 Mbps links. It had seen the Internet grow over 50,000 networkson all seven continents and outer space, with approximately 29,000 networks inthe United States (Leiner 12). Widespread development of Lans, Pcs, andworkstations in the 1980s allowed the nascent Internet to flourish. Ethernettechnology, developed by Bob Metcalfe at Xerox PARC in 1973, is nowprobably the dominant network technology in the Internet, and Pcs andworkstations the dominate computers. This change from having a few networkswith a modest number of time- shared hosts, the original ARPAnet model, tohaving many networks has resulted in a number of new concepts and changes tothe underlying technology. First, it resulted in the definition of three networkclasses A, B, and C to accommodate the range of networks. Class A representedla rge national scale networks, a small number of networks with large number ofhosts; Class B represented regional scale networks; and Class C representedlocal area networks, a large number of networks with relatively few hosts(Leiner 8). Beginning around 1980, university computing was moving from asmall number of large time-sharing machines, each of which served hundreds ofsimultaneous users, to a large number of smaller desktop workstations forindividual users. Because users had gotten used to the advantages of time-sharingsystems, such as shared directories of files and e-mail, they wanted to keep thosesame facilities on their workstations (Levine 12). Workstation manufacturesbegan to include the necessary network hardware also, so all anyone had to do toget a working network was to string a cable to connect the workstations,something that universities could do inexpensively because they usually could getstudents to do it (Levine 13). In 1983, the ARPAnet was split into ARPAnet andM ILnet. The latter was integrated into the Defense Data Network created in1982. ARPAnet was taken out of service in 1990. ARPAnets role as networkbackbone was taken over by NSFNET which may in time be supplanted by theNational Research and Educational Network, NREN (Hardy 8). In 1988, in aconscious effort to test Federal policy on commercial use of Internet, thecorporation for National research Initiatives approached the Federal NetworkingCouncil for permission to experiment with the interconnection of MCI Mail withthe Internet. An experimental electronic mail relay was built and put intooperation in 1989, and shortly thereafter Compuserve, ATTMail, and Sprintmail,followed suit. Once again, a far-sighted experimental effort coupled with wisepolicy choice stimulated investment by industry and expansion of the nationsinfrastructure. In the past few years, commercial use of the Internet has exploded(Cerf 5). The Internet is experiencing exponential growth in the number ofnetworks, numbe r of hosts, and volume of traffic. NSFNET backbone traffic morethan doubled annually from a terabyte per month in March 1991 to 18 terabytes, aterabyte is a thousand bytes, a month in November 1994. The number of hostcomputers increased from 200 to 5,000,000 in the 12 years between 1983-1995 a factor of 25,000 (Cerf 5). In an extraordinary development, the NSFNETbackbone was retired at the end of April 1995, with almost no visible effortsfrom the point of view of users. This left all of the hard work to be handled by theInternet service providers. A fully commercial system of backbones has beenerected where a government sponsored system once existed. Indeed, the keynetworks that made the Internet possible are now gone but the Internet thrives(Cerf 6). In 1990, Hyper Text Markup Language, HTML, a hypertext Internetprotocol which would communicate the graphic info on the Internet, wasintroduced. Each individual could create graphic pages, a website, which thenbecame part of a huge, v irtual hypertext network called the World Wide Web. Goldsmith Bankers EssayAmerica On- Line, Netcom and small Internet service providers haveexperienced serious network crashes and extensive down times for theirservices. A full 30 percent of telephone calls to service providers get a busysignal. The rate of growth is a giant tsunami nearing the shores of ouraccessibility to unlimited information (Curtis 10). The Internet has changed muchin the two decades since it came into existence. It was conceived in the era oftime-sharing, but has survived into the era of personal computers, client- server,peer-to-peer computer, and the network computer. It was designed before LANsexisted, but has accommodated that new network technology. It was envisionedas supporting a range of functions from file sharing and remote login to resourcesharing and collaboration, and has spawned electronic mail and ,more recently,the World Wide Web. But most important, it started as the creation of a smallband of dedicated researchers, and has grown to be a comme rcial success withbillions of dollars of annual investment (Leiner 18). There is also now talk ofInternet2. With the promise of access and transfer rates of up to 1,000 times whatis possible with the Internet today, the Internet2 (I2) project is deserving of theattention it has received. But do not expect to be cruising at lightning speedanytime soon. Internet2 is currently confined to academia, government researchcenters, and non profit organizations (Krueger 302). It remains to be seenwhether Internet2 can accomplish its goals and then merge its findings andadvances with the commercial Internet in the time frame suggested. In the end,improved bandwidth and multimedia solutions that meet or exceed the goals ofthe Next Generation Internet, NGI, may be realized all by the year 2002deadline. Only time will tell. If I2 flies, however, we may soon hear thebuzzword Internet3 (Krueger 306). One should not conclude that the Internet hasnow finished changing. The Internet, although a netwo rk in name and geography,is a creature of the computer, not the traditional network of the telephone ortelevision industry. It will, indeed it must, continue to change and evolve at thespeed of the computer industry if it is to remain relevant. The most pressingquestion for the future of the Internet is not how the technology will change, buthow the process of change and evolution itself will be managed. If the Internetstumbles, it will not be because we lack for technology, vision, or motivation. Itwill be because we cannot set a direction and march collectively into the future(Leiner 18).

Trade Fairs and exhibitions and their economic impact on companies and countries free essay sample

marketing event. They are organized so that companies in a specific industry can showcase and demonstrate their latest products, service, study activities of rivals and examine recent market trends and opportunities. In contrast to consumer fairs, only some trade fairs are open to the public, while others can only be attended by company representatives (members of the trade, e.g. professionals) and members of the press, therefore trade shows are classified as either Public or Trade Only. A few fairs are hybrids of the two; one example is the Frankfurt Book Fair, which is trade-only for its first three days and open to the general public on its final two days. They are held on a continuing basis in virtually all markets and normally attract companies from around the globe. Trade shows and events have a detailed history of bringing together traders and customers, both B2B and B2C, under a single roof. At the worst point of the economic downturn a high number of businesses chose to withdraw from exhibiting at shows internationally. As a result of most companies getting out of the perils of the recession the attractiveness of exhibitions is beginning to increase again too. It presents companies with the opportunity to generate brand awareness to potential customers that they might not be able to reach using other promotional methods. Impact on companies Exhibitions as marketing tools Trade shows tend to be a celebration of success with successful companies exhibiting and successful companies visiting. Throughout the ages, trade fairs have been recognized as one of the most efficient and powerful tools for effectively doing business. They are a major portion of the marketing mix in the industrial marketplace. As a face-to-face meeting point, fairs and exhibitions are basically a target opportunity for achieving your trade objectives. They are a cost-effective means to reach your market audience in one time and in one place. There are not many other promotional methods that have the versatility to potentially appeal to all five senses. Key advantages of participating in a trade show Customer contact: Trade shows provide excellent venues for initiating contacts with new customers and developing new trade leads. Equally important they enable you to maintain and renew contacts with valued clients. An exclusive and favourable marketing tool as customer grievances or enquiries can be dealt with in person whilst providing businesses the chance to receive valuable criticism from previous and present customers. Product and service launch platforms: Live presentations and Demonstrations of your products and services speak for themselves, accelerating the selling process and generating new sales. introduction of new products to a large number of people. Depending on your type of business, product and market testing can be carried out at trade shows and exhibitions to gain industry or general opinion about your offering Marketing communications: Trade fairs focus media attention on your Company and products. Public relations efforts can be focused to raise the profile of your company image and brands. Exhibitions are open to a large and sometimes diverse range of audiences (usually the general public). This provides you with a perfect platform to promote your product or service to a broader group that may have little or no knowledge of your products and services. Improves corporate image, creates brand awareness Enhances goodwill, Exposes promising customers, Gains company publicity A high return/expense ratio: Trade shows are known to have a high return/expense ratio. An EEAA (Exhibition Association of Australia) survey showed that an average expenditure of 9% of companies marketing budgets in trade far events resulted in a return of 23% of business. Gathers competitor information: offers management the opportunity to walk around the exhibition themselves and inspect what the competition is doing and offer ideas on how they can improve what they are offering. Enable participants to stay on top of the latest industry trends, obtain competitor insights, as well as get new information of different fields. Being involved in a trade show or exhibition can provide you with opportunities to branch out to business-to-business trading Major exhibitions are global ‘meetings places’ providing a highly cost efficient environment in which very senior management can meet with other senior management to discuss partnerships and  joint ventures, to maintain and deepen business relationships and to identify new business opportunities. Disadvantages and risks of trade shows Confusing environment found in large shows Excessive frequency of trade shows High and rising costs of participation – travelling to the trade shows, displaying Trade shows require at least a day and probably more of your time. There will probably be quite a bit of competition at all shows. Choosing the wrong trade show to exhibit your businesss products or services can result in displaying to the wrong audience. Poor promotion can mean the costs of attending the trade show outweigh any revenue you gain. Impact on countries Trade and consumer shows enhance a city’s position in the marketplace Brings multiple economic benefits and job opportunities to local communities and cities. Trade shows not only directly generate business, jobs and government revenues, but also indirectly bring other multiple values both locally and nationally such as education and entertainment Connects individuals with feature product or service launches Problem-solving, education and networking opportunities Exhibitions make a significant contribution to many business sectors around the world. The more global a business sector the more important the role of trade shows in introducing vendors to buyers and ensuring that industry players maintain contact with industry developments Direct Benefits Direct revenue sources from trade and consumer shows include administration costs, hall or booth rental, employment spending, shipping costs, as well as spending on hotels and lodging, local attractions, entertainment, and restaurants. In order to set a trade or consumer show, a show producer or organizer has to conceptualize and develop the show, advertise and promote the show as well as to sell the show. They have to move in, set up, execute the show, move out, and do follow up. Behind the show, general contractors work with decorating, pope and drape set up, booth set up, carpet rental,  furniture rental, signage and graphics, on-site coordination of the show, advance planning for the show, cleaning, as well as drayage and material handling. In addition, specialty contractors who work with these shows include florists, catering, photography, transportation, telephone/internet/fax, booth personnel, AV rentals, security, electrical, plumbing/air/water, exhibit design and construction and publicity. These services directly create a great amount of revenues for local businesses and tax revenues. Trade and consumer shows also provide opportunities for tourism operators to promote their businesses directly to the tourism industry and purchasing consumer. Through trade and consumer shows, a city has a strong presence among brand retailers, tourist boards, business operators, and resort exhibitors who come to the city to interact directly with local citizens as well as tourists. Indirect Benefits Enhancing local brand recognition, increasing number of visitors, educate people, increase investment from people worldwide, promote a city, and other potential benefits. The Future of Trade Shows For thousands of years, men and women have gathered together in marketplaces to see, touch, smell and taste products, to shop, commune with their peers, catch up on the latest news/gossip, network, transact business and otherwise enjoy being together. While the marketplaces and products have varied over time and place, human beings still desire the opportunity to experience the marketplace firsthand all of this, in spite of the rise of online commerce, globalization, the Internet, mobile, telepresence and social networking technologies. Many predicted the demise of trade shows in the late 90s as the Dot.com era exploded. However, as weve clearly seen, trade shows as modern day face-to-face marketplaces have not fallen prey to the Internet; rather, I believe, they are more valued than ever. We are analog human beings in a digitized world. We crave physical stimuli and social interaction. Why do the masses still flock to the shopping malls every holiday when they can shop online from the comfort of their homes? Conclusion Trade shows have both pros and cons but I personally look into its advantages as it offers an opportunity to showcase its products in one location, and also it can create awareness in new prospects, reinforce existing customer relationships, provide product demonstrations for evaluation, and allow sales of products on the spot.

Profile Essay About a Person - Sample Essay

Profile Essay About a Person - Sample EssayIn order to have a successful profile essay about a person, you will need to have a basic understanding of grammar and punctuation. This is not an easy topic to approach and I will not cover it here in this article. However, in this article I want to share with you a sample profile essay about a person.The first part of the essay will discuss the key characteristics of the individual. Key characteristics can be attributed to the person's educational background, work experience, or other aspects of the person's life. You should include the information on the importance of education in a person's life and also include how they would relate to education. For example, if you are writing a profile essay about a young, working adult, then you should include the fact that this person is currently attending college or an advanced degree program.Next, you should discuss the person's lifestyle. This can involve the type of food they eat, their favorit e movie or television show, and any music they enjoy listening to. People often choose to omit this information. You may want to include it anyway, but a good rule of thumb is to include the fact that the person enjoys these activities as well as any other activities they might be involved in.Finally, you should include what are called 'facts'. This means facts that relate to the profile essay. You can include facts about a person that they are known for or a person's hobbies. You should think about what type of facts the person would find interesting and share it with the reader. This is a great way to get the person's attention.I also suggest including personal information about the person such as their age, marital status, the city where they live, and even their pet. Some people find the idea of having a pet irritating so they will hide it and others like animals. This is a wonderful way to get their attention.Finally, you should consider the target audience of the profile essay . Your target audience will dictate what you should say. If your target audience is a group of college students, then you will want to focus on the information that relates to college and make sure to tell them how the person's education has helped them out.In my opinion, the most important part of writing a profile essay is the introduction. This is the first part of the essay that will get the reader's attention. The introduction should give some information about the person's profile, then give a brief summary of the next paragraph and then continue with the essay by discussing each facts that were mentioned in the profile.There you have it, a sample profile essay about a person, but remember to always include your personal information and personal viewpoint to the end of the essay. That will get the best possible results.

Interpretation Of A Dolls House Essays - Films, Lost Films

Interpretation of A Doll's House "A Doll's House" is classified under the "second phase" of Henrik Ibsen's career. It was during this period which he made the transition from mythical and historical dramas to plays dealing with social problems. It was the first in a series investigating the tensions of family life. Written during the Victorian era, the controversial play featuring a female protagonist seeking individuality stirred up more controversy than any of his other works. In contrast to many dramas of Scandinavia in that time which depicted the role of women as the comforter, helper, and supporter of man, "A Doll's House" introduced woman as having her own purposes and goals. The heroine, Nora Helmer, progresses during the course of the play eventually to realize that she must discontinue the role of a doll and seek out her individuality. David Thomas describes the initial image of Nora as that of a doll wife who revels in the thought of luxuries that can now be afforded, who is become with flirtation, and engages in childlike acts of disobedience (259). This inferior role from which Nora progressed is extremely important. Ibsen in his "A Doll's House" depicts the role of women as subordinate in order to emphasize the need to reform their role in society. Definite characteristics of the women's subordinate role in a relationship are emphasized through Nora's contradicting actions. Her infatuation with luxuries such as expensive Christmas gifts contradicts her resourcefulness in scrounging and buying cheap clothing; her defiance of Torvald by eating forbidden Macaroons contradicts the submission of her opinions, including the decision of which dance outfit to wear, to her husband; and Nora's flirtatious nature contradicts her devotion to her husband. These occurrences emphasize the facets of a relationship in which women play a dependent role: finance, power, and love. Ibsen attracts our attention to these examples to highlight the overall subordinate role that a woman plays compared to that of her husband. The two sides of Nora contrast each other greatly and accentuate the fact that she is lacking in independence of will. The mere fact that Nora's well-intentioned action is considered illegal reflects woman's subordinate position in society; but it is her actions that provide the insight to this position. It can be suggested that women have the power to choose which rules to follow at home, but not in the business world, thus again indicating her subordinateness. Nora does not at first realize that the rules outside the household apply to her. This is evident in Nora's meeting with Krogstad regarding her borrowed money. In her opinion it was no crime for a woman to do everything possible to save her husband's life. She also believes that her act will be overlooked because of her desperate situation. She fails to see that the law does not take into account the motivation behind her forgery. Marianne Sturman submits that this meeting with Krogstad was her first confrontation with the reality of a "lawful society" and she deals with it by attempting to distract herself with her Christmas decorations (16). Thus her first encounter with rules outside of her "doll's house" results in the realization of her naivety and inexperience with the real world due to her subordinate role in society. The character of Nora is not only important in describing to role of women, but also in emphasizing the impact of this role on a woman. Nora's child-like manner, evident through her minor acts of disobedience and lack of responsibility compiled with her lack of sophistication further emphasize the subordinate role of woman. By the end of the play this is evident as she eventually sees herself as an ignorant person, and unfit mother, and essentially her husband's wife. Edmond Gosse highlights the point that "Her insipidity, her dollishness, come from the incessant repression of her family life (721)." Nora has been spoonfed everything she has needed in life. Never having to think has caused her to become dependent on others. This dependency has given way to subordinateness, one that has grown into a social standing. Not only a position in society, but a state of mind is created. When circumstances suddenly place Nora in a responsible position, and

Book Outline How to Outline a Novel with 11 Steps for Success [Video]

Book Outline How to Outline a Novel with 11 Steps for Success [Video] Book Outline: How to Outline a Novel with 11 Steps for Success Outlining. That word may conjure images of 7th Grade English, scribbling at your desk in frustration while a stern teacher looks over your shoulder as you try to learn how to outline.A book outline can be almost as intimidating as that teachers blatant glare.Many of us learned how to outline in middle school, and it’s a skill we haven’t revisited since our braces came off and the acne faded away. But have no fear! You’re a grown-up now, and this project isn’t being graded, which means learning how to outline a book can (and will!) be pain-free, especially with the right help.Here are the different book outlining methods well cover in this post:Use a mind map book outlineSimple book outlineChapter-by-chapter outlineSketched book outlineOutline with ScrivenerBasic outlinePost-it note outline methodThe snowflake methodThe skeletal outlineNovel outline templateThe reverse outlineYou have free reign to structure your story outline to benefit your writing proces s- whether that’s a spaghetti-on-the-wall approach or a color-coded Excel spreadsheet.Us at Self-Publishing School? We love this tried-and-true Mindmap to Outline procedure. Book Outlining The Whole Process All in OneWe understand you.Your life is busy and sometimes you want all the (book-related) goods in one place. We heard you and we listened!Chandler Bolt created this all-in-one exclusive training for serious soon-to-be-authors. If you want to learn how to outline and everything else about the book writing process,make sure to sign upto save your spot!Because if you want to learn how to outline, you may as well get as much information as you can right away. Trust us, itll make your writing process that much easier.What if you could outline your book in just 24 hours?Join hundreds of other like-minded writers in a challenge that will give you all the tools, information and motivation you need to finish your outline!Click the button below to learn more about how Well basi cally hold your hand while you outline your book! (if we can do it, you can too!).Join the 24 Hour Book Outline ChallengeWhat is a Book Outline?A book outline is a roadmap or blueprint for your story. It tells you where you need to go and when in chronilogical order.Its easy to see this term and wonder exactly what that means. Is it a bullet list of topics for your book? Is it a chapter by chapter overview written in paragraphs?No matter how you write an outline, the purpose is the same.Think of it as a GPS of sorts but instead of giving you driving directions, your outline will give youwriting directions.Why Should IWrite a Book Outline?No matter which type of book outline you choose, planning before you write has many benefits. Its not just about getting your thoughts on the paper, either. Its about so much more than the actual writing. Outlines can do a number of things for you:help you define your goalsfinish your manuscript quickerstay focusedavoid plot holescreate a cohesive p lansee your story from start to finishhelp you stay motivatedensure you can focus on thequality of your writing instead of what to writeYou don’t need to spend huge amounts of time learning how to outline a book, but some (mostly painless!) prep before writing will be time well-spent since you won’t be spinning your wheels by staring at the blank screen of death.When you start with a plan, you’ll unconsciously make connections and think about your draft, even when you’re not actively writing. Mentally writing in the shower is one of the perks of outlining, because it will get your thoughts percolating. Be sure to keep paper and pens scattered about so you can capture your brilliance the minute it bubbles up, rather than letting all those ideas fade away.Once you have a plan to write your book in outline form, you’ll be better able to put these thoughts to paper and compose your chapters when you do sit down to write. This means a finished book in l ess time!And I have some good news: there’s no â€Å"right† way to outline. Each writer will have their own process that’s personal to them. Keep reading for tips on how to outline different ways. If one of these exact methods doesn’t strike a chord with you, you can combine methods to create your own way that works best for your unique book.Are you writing a fiction or non-fiction book? Depending on which youre working on, the outlining process may look be different.Thankfully, there are plenty of relevant tips you can apply in the section about outlining a non-fiction book. Likewise, even if you’re writing non-fiction, the section on how to write a fiction outline can help spark some ideas for your process, so we recommend authors of all types of books read the full list.NOTE: We go in-depth with everything covered in this blog post along with the writing, marketing, and self-publishing process in our VIP Self-Publishing Program.Click here to lea rn moreHow to Write a Nonfiction Book OutlineMost non-fiction authors find outlines useful due to the nature of their books. Generally, works of non-fiction require research and citation of sources (although many novels require their own research!).An outline can help organize your research so it doesn’t overwhelm you, plus your outline will help you create the best structure for your finished book. These are some of the beneficial methods we recommend for you.#1 Mindmap + Book OutlineThis is the main method of outlining that we teach in Self-Publishing School. The mindmap method requires you to create a brain dump based on your book’s topic. Write your topic in the center of a piece of paper, then use lines and words to draw as many connections as you can. It doesn’t need to make perfect sense from the get-go- the goal is free-form thinking to get all of your ideas out of your head and onto the page.You’ll start to notice connections between different c ategories of information. This makes it easier to spot the relevant â€Å"book-worthy† ideas. Then you can pluck those ideas out of your mindmap and put them into a cohesive book outline. We also recommend doing a mindmap for each chapter you select from your original mindmap. It will help you structure your entire book chapter by chapter. Fun, and so easy- we told you this would be (mostly) painless!At Self-Publishing School, we encourage students to make a mess with their mindmap.Regardless of what your mind map looks like in the end, it is an essential element to your book writing process.This mind map will be the jumping off point for you to begin your outline. In this brief video, Chandler explains how to turn your mindmap into an outline: #2 Simple Book OutlineA simple book outline is just as it sounds; keep it basic and brief. Start with the title. Don’t get too hung up on the perfect title at this stage of the process; you just want to come up with a good-for- now placeholder.You can always change the title later- in fact, you probably will- but starting with some kind of title gives you a better idea of where you want your book to go.Plus, outlining your book this way jump-starts the creative process.Next, you’ll list all of the key points that cover your book’s overall theme and message. You’ll use these key points to generate your notes. Later, you’ll flesh out these notes to draft your book chapters.#3 Chapter-by-Chapter Book OutlineYour chapter-by-chapterbook outline is a pumped-up version of the simple book outline.To get started, first create a complete chapter list. With each chapter listed as a heading, you’ll later add material or shift chapters around as the draft evolves.Create a working title for each chapter, and list them in a logical order. After that, you’ll fill in the key points of each chapter.Finally, you’ll link your resources as they would appear in each chapter, inc luding books, interviews, and Web links.Heres a great example of a chapter-by-chapter nonfiction book outline completed with bullet lists:#4 Sketch Your Book OutlinePerhaps you find the idea of a written outline confining. That’s OK - there’s another option which might appeal to your artistic side.Dan Roam, author of The Back of the Napkin: Solving Problems and Selling Ideas with Pictures, wrote about how sketching your ideas can simplify complex thoughts.To create this type of book outline, hand-draw your book concept in sequential order.This may be as simple or as elaborate as you desire. Feel free to use a Bic pen and a spiral notebook, or take it to the next level with a color medium on canvas-sized paper.The great thing about drawing your book is that you can later use the images as promotional and marketing material!#5 Book Outline With ScrivenerIf you like being uber-organized, then the writing software Scrivener might appeal to you. Their book outline progra m allows you to upload your research, organize it by moving it around, and filing it into folders.Like many writing software programs, it does have a fairly extensive learning curve, which can be a major downside- especially if you tend to procrastinate and really want to get your book published quickly.However, some writers say it revolutionized their organizational process for longer works.You can learn more about the program and its uses hereor check out this tutorial for an overview. How to Outline a Novel in 6 WaysWhile you can incorporate the book outlining tips we shared in the non-fiction section above, creating an outline for your novel will be inherently different from creating a non-fiction outline.Your novel outline will require a few different elements like: character developmentcharacter arcsthe evolution of plot pointsthe first slapthe second slapthe breaking pointthe climaxresolution of conflictWhile the methods may be different, the goal is the same- organization an d pre-planning so that you can write a great, cohesive book much faster.#1 Basic DocumentYour goal with the Basic Document format is to use a Word or Excel table to give structure to your theme. Create a table and organize and summarize your key points and plot.You’ll then create a separate section for characters and themes, and an additional section with relevant research.#2 Post-It WallThis is for the creative mind, and another method we teach in Self-Publishing School. All you need is a blank wall and a box of Post-It notes. Carry a pad of Post-Its with you wherever you go, and doodle your book on the fly.Write your ideas and inspiration on your Post-Its when the mood strikes you.Next, affix the Post-Its containing words, snippets, doodles, and phrases to the wall. After a week of this exercise, organize these words into novel outline form. Voila- simple, effective, creative!#3 The Snowflake MethodThe Snowflake Method was created by fiction writing coach Randy Ingermans on based on the notion,â€Å"Good fiction doesn’t just happen. It’s designed.†The process of the snowflake method focuses on starting small, then expanding. For example, you’d start with one line from your book, then add a paragraph, then add a chapter.Since the snowflake method is fairly detailed and based on scientific theory, Randy’s article is worth a read so you can review the detailed steps involved in this outlining method.#4 The Skeletal OutlineIf you’ve ever written a term paper or thesis, then you’re probably familiar with the skeletal outline. You’ll lay out your narrative points in the order they’ll appear in your story, which involves a broad 7-step story arch.This gives you a big picture idea of the flow of your story, so you can adjust your story and add subplots for maximum impact.#5 Novel Outline TemplateWhy reinvent the wheel? If you’re impatient to jump right into the fun part- writing!- or yo u aren’t sure exactly how to format your novel outline, then a pre-formatted template outline might be your saving grace.A fill-in-the-blank novel outline can help you develop your plot, characters, and ideas without getting bogged down with the notion of striving for â€Å"proper† outline form.#6 The Reverse OutlineSometimes looking at the problem from a different angle can give you the answer to the question. The same applies to outlining.Reverse outlining is exactly what it sounds like: Write down how your novel ends. Then once you know the ending, outline backwardto get to that happy (Or sad? You’re the author!) ending.This method often helps if you want to plant seeds and have a lot of shocking foreshadowing moments.Authors like George R.R. Martin have to use these methods in order to make sure the plot lines up.For more ideas and creatives ways to jump-start your novel outline, check out How to Write a Novel Outline.Here’s the takeaway: No matter w hich option you choose, ultimately, you’ll write faster and better with a book outline. If one way doesnt work well for you, then experiment and try another. Remember, your goal is a finished manuscript, not the gold medal for â€Å"Most Perfect Book Outline.†Discover what works best for you and you’ll be one step closer to a finished book.Ready to become a published author?Make sure to take advantage of this free training. It will take you through everything you need to go from blank page to published author in as little as 90 days! Youll have your outline started before your training is even finished.

DYSLIPIDEMIA Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

DYSLIPIDEMIA - Assignment Example Dyslipidemia is an important component of the cluster of abnormalities in metabolic syndrome, basically implying an imbalance of lipids in circulation in the blood stream (Ruotolo & Howard, 2002). Dyslipidemia is characterized by increased triglycerides, lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDLc, postprandial accumulation of lipoproteins rich in triglyceride and small, low density lipoproteins, LDL. It involves reesterification, this being the process of circulating free fatty acids getting oxidized and then synthesized back into triglyceride. Being a component of a syndrome related to many risk factors, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia presents a complex pathology. Even so, Foster and Prevost (2012) cite oxidative stress as a key hypothesis regarding the pathology of dyslipidemia. Oxidative stress, referring to the surplus of reactive oxygen species, ROS to antioxidant, fosters insulin resistance. This could occur because of excessive production of ROS which would overwhelm the capacity of ROS antioxidant or decrease production of antioxidants to inactivate ROS. Obesity has also been cited as a metabolic predisposition which eventually leads to dyslipidemia. Genetics also affects metabolic predisposition to resistance to insulin and dyslipidemia. Dyslipidemic conditions require laboratory testing to establish the specific abnormal blood lipid content or the lipoprotein content. As such, laboratory testing would involve measuring a blood sample for blood lipid profile and should be done every 5 years from as early as age 20. The levels of LDLc could be determined directly or using the Friedwald formula given by: This formula would however not be applied in cases where the triglyceride level of an individual exceeds 400 mg/dl. Notably, the basic lipid profile totaling triglyceride, HDLc and LDLc could fail to provide a clinician with adequate information to effectively diagnose dyslipidemia. In such cases, more sophisticated procedures

International Planning Frameworks Much Depend on the Context Coursework

International Planning Frameworks Much Depend on the Context - Coursework Example It is true that context is everything. Planning and execution vary according to every demography, geography, and climate is different for implementing a plan. There are no magic bullets or universal solutions for any plan. The United Nations Development Program has proved this many times while developing a plan in a geographical area. The tasks and types of tools are different in every area. The social and cultural norms of a particular place decide modes of execution for a plan.Many problems arise while managing the funds in cross-national projects. These problems are usually linked with accessing comparable datasets as well as in achieving agreement over functional equivalence in research parameters. When it comes to the interpretation many problems arise. Any shift in an orientation dependent on an interpretation of the policies usually gives rise to a conflict.The cross-national comparative planning studies are generally perceived as flexible. The common notion exists that they d o not have distinct features and comparative planning is different from holistic planning only when the factor of cross-national dimension is considered. This idea agrees with that quote under discussion. When the same plan is executed in different areas needs to comply to different work schedules, tools and other modes of execution only when the same plan is executed in different countries.This notion should not give the impression that a plan goes wayward when it is applied in different countries. The very definition of comparative planning research emphasizes the link between planning problems and execution in different regions, and there a connection with their regional institutional contexts. The emphasis on such a relationship between the matter of the investigation and the context stems from Friedmann’s paper on institutional context. Despite simple variations the general agreement is different styles of national planning dependent on a combination of system variables. They also depend on the level of economic development already attained, the nature of politics and culture.